Tissue Repair Research Peptides
Overview
19 research peptides demonstrate tissue repair properties. This collection covers their mechanisms, evidence base, and research applications.
BPC-157
Phase I–II Clinical Trials | Healing & Recovery
BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide (sequence: Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val, MW ~1419.5 g/mol) derived from a protein found in human gastric juice.
Mechanism: BPC-157 acts through multiple overlapping pathways. It promotes angiogenesis by upregulating VEGFR2 and VEGF expression, and activates nitric oxide synthesis via the Src kinase-caveolin-1 pathway and...
TB-500
Preclinical | Healing & Recovery
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4), a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid peptide found throughout human tissues.
Mechanism: TB-500 works primarily through actin sequestration — it binds to G-actin monomers, preventing premature polymerization, which allows repair cells to migrate rapidly to injured areas.
IGF-1 LR3
Preclinical | Growth Factor
IGF-1 LR3 is a modified version of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) with an extended N-terminal sequence (13 additional amino acids) and an arginine-to-glutamic acid substitution at position 3.
Mechanism: IGF-1 LR3 binds to IGF-1 receptors on target cells with high affinity, initiating tyrosine kinase signaling that activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, increasing protein synthesis, glucose uptake, and...
ARA-290 (Cibinetide)
Phase I–II Clinical Trials | Tissue Repair / Neuropathic Pain
ARA-290 (cibinetide) is a synthetic 11-amino-acid peptide (MW ~1257 g/mol) derived from the helix B surface of erythropoietin (EPO).
Mechanism: ARA-290 selectively binds the innate repair receptor (IRR), a heteromeric complex of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and β-common receptor (CD131/βcR).
PEG-MGF
Preclinical | Muscle & Performance
PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor) is a synthetic, PEGylated form of the C-terminal peptide of mechano growth factor (MGF), a splice variant of the IGF-1 gene (IGF-1Ec in humans, IGF-1Eb in rodents).
Mechanism: MGF is produced from the IGF-1 gene by alternative splicing of exons 4, 5, and 6. The unique C-terminal E domain of MGF (24 amino acids in the Ec splice variant) is responsible for its distinct...
MGF
Preclinical | Growth Factor
MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) is a splice variant of IGF-1, specifically the E-domain peptide of the IGF-1Ec isoform. It is produced naturally in mechanically stressed muscle tissue and plays a role in muscle repair and satellite cell activation.
Mechanism: MGF is expressed as part of the IGF-1 gene through alternative splicing in response to mechanical overload or tissue damage.
IGF-1 DES
Preclinical | Growth Factor
IGF-1 DES (Des(1-3)IGF-1) is a truncated form of insulin-like growth factor 1, missing the first three N-terminal amino acids (Gly-Pro-Glu).
Mechanism: Des(1-3)IGF-1 binds the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) with similar affinity to native IGF-1, but has markedly reduced binding to the six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1 through IGFBP-6).
Growth Hormone
FDA Approved | Hormone
Human growth hormone (hGH, somatotropin) is a 191-amino acid protein produced by the anterior pituitary gland. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH, somatropin) is FDA-approved for numerous indications including pediatric and adult growth hormone...
Mechanism: Growth hormone binds to the GH receptor (GHR), a type I cytokine receptor, activating the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway.
IGF-1
FDA Approved | Growth Factor
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a 70-amino acid protein structurally similar to insulin. It is primarily produced by the liver in response to growth hormone stimulation and mediates many of GH's growth-promoting effects.
Mechanism: IGF-1 binds to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase that activates the PI3K/Akt pathway (promoting cell survival and protein synthesis) and the MAPK/ERK pathway (promoting cell...
Thymosin Beta-4
Phase III / NDA Filed | Healing & Recovery
Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is a naturally occurring 43-amino acid protein found in virtually all human and animal cells. It is the most abundant member of the beta-thymosin family and plays fundamental roles in cell migration, wound healing, and tissue...
Mechanism: Thymosin beta-4 is the primary intracellular G-actin sequestering protein, maintaining actin monomer pools and regulating cytoskeletal dynamics essential for cell migration.
Oligopeptide-1 / EGF
Phase I–II Clinical Trials | Growth Factor / Cosmetic
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a 53-amino acid protein discovered by Stanley Cohen, who shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work. EGF plays a fundamental role in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.
Mechanism: EGF binds to the EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), a receptor tyrosine kinase, activating the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades.
Sh-Polypeptide-1
No Regulatory Activity | Cosmetic Peptide
Sh-polypeptide-1 is the INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) designation for recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rh-EGF) produced by bioengineering (typically in E. coli or yeast expression systems).
Mechanism: Sh-polypeptide-1 is biologically identical to native human EGF and binds the same EGFR receptor, activating MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling to promote keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation,...
Teduglutide
FDA Approved | Gastrointestinal / GLP-2 Analog
Teduglutide is a 33-amino-acid recombinant analog of human glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) (MW ~3752 g/mol) with a single amino acid substitution (Ala2 to Gly) that confers resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) degradation.
Mechanism: Teduglutide binds to the GLP-2 receptor expressed on intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts, enteric neurons, and enteroendocrine cells.
HGH 191AA
FDA Approved | Growth Hormone
HGH 191AA refers to recombinant human growth hormone (somatropin) — a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide (MW ~22,124 g/mol) identical in sequence to endogenous pituitary growth hormone.
Mechanism: HGH 191AA binds to the growth hormone receptor (GHR) on target cells, triggering JAK2-STAT5 signaling, which drives transcription of IGF-1 and other growth factors.
Bronchogen
Animal/Preclinical Only | Respiratory / Anti-Aging
Bronchogen (Ala-Glu-Asp, AED) is a synthetic tripeptide (MW ~333.3 g/mol) from the Khavinson bioregulatory peptide family, designed as a lung-specific peptide for respiratory tissue regeneration.
Mechanism: Bronchogen is proposed to interact with DNA regulatory regions in bronchial epithelial cells, restoring gene expression patterns related to mucociliary clearance, epithelial barrier integrity, and...
Related Products
Related Research News
BPC-157 Gut Health: Gastric Cytoprotection Studies
Research on BPC-157 began with gastric cytoprotection in the early 1990s, led by Sikiric and colleagues at the University of Zagreb. Studies show it protects against ethanol-induced lesions and NSAID damage in rat models, with effects linked to angiogenesis, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and gut-brain signaling. This body of work highlights its stability for oral use and broad preclinical applications in GI models.
TB-500: Thymosin Beta-4's Role in Healing and Repair
TB-500, known as thymosin β4, is a 43-amino-acid peptide first isolated from calf thymus in 1966 by Goldstein et al. It regulates actin in the body, supporting processes like wound healing, angiogenesis, and inflammation control. Research highlights its potential in treating conditions such as myocardial infarction, corneal injuries, and lung damage.
BPC-157 Shelf Life: Lyophilized vs Reconstituted Stability Guide
BPC-157 has a finite shelf life that varies by form and storage. Lyophilized powder lasts 12-18 months refrigerated or 24+ months frozen, while reconstituted solution holds for about 28 days under refrigeration. Factors like temperature, light, and handling influence stability, and researchers should watch for signs of degradation to ensure reliable results.