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BPC-157 vs LL-37
Side-by-side comparison of evidence, mechanisms, dosing, safety, and regulatory status.
BPC-157: CLL-37: D
| Attribute | BPC-157 | LL-37 |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Healing & Recovery | Antimicrobial / Immune |
| Evidence Rating | C — Phase I–II Clinical Trials | D — Preclinical |
| Clinical Status | Research-only / No approved human indication. Phase I oral safety trial completed; Phase II UC trial underway. | Investigational / Limited clinical trial data (topical wound healing RCT exists) |
| Mechanism | BPC-157 acts through multiple overlapping pathways. It promotes angiogenesis by upregulating VEGFR2 and VEGF expression, and activates nitric oxide synthesis via the Src kinase-caveolin-1 pathway and Akt-eNOS axis. It engages ERK1/2 signaling, activating c-Fos, c-Jun, and EGR-1 transcription factors... | LL-37 (C120H232N42O38) carries a net positive charge (+6) that binds negatively charged bacterial membranes, creating transmembrane pores causing cell lysis. It also has anti-biofilm activity. Immunomodulatory functions include both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses: it neutralizes endotoxins (LP... |
| Half-Life | ~15 min IV (animal data); oral activity persists 24+ hours | Minutes in plasma; tissue activity persists longer |
| Bioavailability | IM: 15-19% (rats), 45-51% (dogs); resistant to stomach acid degradation | — |
| Molecular Weight | ~1419.5 g/mol | ~4493.3 g/mol |
| WADA Status | Prohibited | Not Listed |
| Dosing | 200–600 mcg/day SC; oral doses studied at 1–6 mg in clinical trials, Once daily (Subcutaneous (preferred), Intramuscular, or Oral) | 50–100 mcg/day SC, Once daily (Subcutaneous) |
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| Regulatory (US) | Not FDA-approved. Removed from Category 2 on April 15, 2026 after HHS Secretary Kennedy directed withdrawal of nominations. PCAC review scheduled July 23-24, 2026 to determine compounding eligibility. Previously prohibited from compounding under Category 2 since September 2023. WADA-banned. | Not FDA-approved. Removed from FDA Category 2 on April 15, 2026. PCAC review scheduled July 23-24, 2026. Previously classified as Category 2, prohibiting compounding. No FDA-approved therapeutic formulation. |
Research Disclaimer: This comparison is provided for educational purposes only. All products are sold exclusively for in vitro research use. The information presented is based on published preclinical and clinical research and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any decisions regarding peptide use.
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